I was talking about scientific research and specifically academic institutions. China only has a half-dozen of top academic institutions with high credibility: Peking U, Tsinghua U, Fudan U, Zhejiang U, and _maybe_ one or two others (Renmin U in some fields). There a number of mid-level unis, and the rest are low credibility (for lots of reasons). By comparison, the US has 100+ (you could even argue 200+) well respected universities doing high quality research.
You're being far too harsh. Yes, this post is about academia but they said "technological leader", strongly suggesting they're talking about it more broadly - "technology" usually implies business.
I think you are missing a bunch, and the average one of those probably has 10x the grad students of a US one, working on in average ten times as important things.
(And then frankly half the papers from these vaunted US institutions have author lists that could equally be from Wuhan or Peking university, and a bunch of those will inevitably return to professorships in their native country, not like anyone is funding professors in the US)
Unless they’ve gotten a lot better in the past decade I’m not missing a bunch.
But yes in terms of sheer quantity of graduates and and research papers China wins out but what matters is the quality. The US has problems with lousy and even outright false papers but in China it’s endemic.
And to your point, the reason people come to the US from Peking or Tsinghua to do their pHd or postdoc is because of the high quality research, which is why cutting it is so detrimental
