I've only tried Valentina/Seamly2D but yes, most of these programs let you export your design as a pattern that can be constructed, typically as a PDF.

Once you have a PDF, you can: 1 - print it in poster format across many pages of paper 2 - use a projector aimed down onto your cutting surface and then cut the pieces out or 3 - a few people are fortunate enough to use laser cutters to cut out their fabric.

Speaking more on point 2, projector sewing got way easier this year with the release of automatic calibration software, namely https://projectandcut.com and https://www.patternprojector.com. (The first one is my project). If you want to learn more about it, you might also look at Projectors for Sewing facebook group (https://www.facebook.com/groups/481078582801085) or https://projectorsewing.com or search google or YouTube.

You really can be set up for $100. I also think this could work with some forms of woodworking, or, say, crafting foam armour or decorating cakes.