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The Rise and Fall of Getting Things Done (2020) (newyorker.com)
62 points by irtefa on May 31, 2023 | hide | past | favorite | 67 comments



https://archive.vn/BvAtC

Life just got so complicated. I tried to fight back, to have less stuff to think about, but it's an endless onslaught of abstract microtasks. No wonder that white collars dream of a homestead

These systems try to force humans to disregard their unpredictable lives, and produce with the predictability of machines. It's not right.

I'm at my happiest when I wake up without an alarm, and work on what feels right until I feel done for the day. I let the most important stuff float to the top, instead of shaming myself into satisfying my past ambitions.

Aside: This title pattern rubs me the wrong way. The rise of this, the death of that. Half the time, it's either something happening in California, or in a very small twitter circle. The other half, it has not risen, or not fallen. Its a the "it was a dark and stormy night" of headlines.


I agree with you on all counts, and would like to elaborate a bit: I think obsession with todo lists mistake the product for the process. The goal of producing todo lists is to survey our responsibilities, rank them and break down goals and projects into chewable bits. Not to curate an ever growing list of ambitions.

Tangentially, I like to break down projects and tasks by cognitive load, not by expected duration. This, in my opinion, is also a fundamental misunderstanding in Agile project management. Wrangling about story points and deadlines is a way to press people to fall in line, it is designed and operated as a stressor. It's malicious in nature and consequences.

What should be done, I think, is breaking down things into bits that can be comfortably held in people's minds as a whole. Then people can attack it ergonomically for as long as necessary to get it done. Now. this creates complications because we have to accommodate for different levels of skill, experience, capacity etc. But a well composed team should have a nice combination of leadership and experience to tackle this.

The problem arises from trying to push down on labor costs and pressing software enthusiasts into becoming hired hands in a production line.


It's not exactly Gibbons' The Rise And Fall Of Ancient Rome, is it.


Though Gibbons' famous work comes in six volumes and covers more than a millenium of history, the rise of the Roman Empire was outside its scope. It was titled The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.


Thanks for the correction! I just dimly recall the title from my grandfather's old books.


It's the rise and fall of people who like todo lists, and they haven't really fallen.


To your aside: it's titles in general, too. So many prequels (or movies that want to promise some future franchise) are the "rise" of something.


Then you have the other side of the coin: all the cutesy, overtly cryptic titles that really say nothing useful.


I don't understand why there is a glorification of death or celebration of death.

I prefer to focus on the good and the light and birth and growth, not glee in dark expressions.

If you can make an economy where everyone has freedom to do what they want when they want, maybe the best and brightest could work on how to achieve this and utopia (I'm serious)


Just sharing my own experience, but the more time I've spent contemplating death the easier time I've had with it: Every beginning implies an end. Every birth and growth implies a decline and death. All coming-together results in eventual separation. Etc.

IMO there's nothing wrong with finding the beginnings more fun and enjoying the fun parts, but part of what prevents us from moving towards utopia is a blindness to the whole cycle, an unwillingness to engage in the difficulties of endings and change. This isn't to say we need to celebrate "the end" either, but just that in some sense, contentment _is_ utopia, and contentment requires making peace with both beginnings and ends.


This is a big part of stoicism. If you're interested in learning more about this, checkout the book Meditations.


:) it is also a big part of buddhism. IMO the intersections between several systems are very interesting as they tend to be the most fruitful even if pursued without the context of the rest of the system (ie if you think you can cherry-pick the good parts out of a religion or philosophical system, start by looking at where many of them agree)


I’m partway through reading the book: Hero with 1000 Faces. I don’t know what to think about the book, but it certainly goes a long way to pick out the things on which many religions agree. Interesting read but not an easy read.


I listened to it on audiobook and found it a bit hard to understand at times. I'm a great admirer of Joseph Campbell and I love cumulative mythology. I found this podcast series of his old lectures much more fun and entertaining. He was a great lecturer with good sense of humor: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/pathways-with-joseph-c... The audio quality is very good to say how old the lectures are.


>If you can make an economy where everyone has freedom to do what they want when they want, maybe the best and brightest could work on how to achieve this and utopia (I'm serious)

Who is going to scrub the toilets and change adult diapers in the meantime?


> Who is going to scrub the toilets and change adult diapers in the meantime?

Read B. F. Skinner's "Walden Two" for some ideas how to handle this. For example, a society could dynamically / periodically adjust revenues for jobs less preferred and lower revenues for jobs most liked.

That is, if you get enough "perks" for one day oft scrubbing toilets and then four days off, someone might prefer this over five days of toiling in a bank? ;-0


I think we saw a version of this unfold during COVID, when many people didn't want to do some forms of labor any more. The (somewhat) successful resonse was to raise wages.


Sounds like paying money in exchange for products/services in an economy with universal basic incomes with exponential taxation of wealth to prevent income/wealth gap from becoming so wide such that no one can permanently launch themselves or their kind from ever doing that kind of work.


Isn't that what we already have? Wages are just another form of price. An auction between a buyer and a seller...


I clean my own toilet now, I’ll clean my own toilet then.


Do you ever use a toilet that you do not own? Do you plan on always being physically capable of cleaning your own toilet?

Point being, lots of life is messy and rote, and presuming a fantasy world where the messy and rote parts do not exist or are taken care of by robots is a waste of time (in the near future).


The best and brightest don't scrub toilets or change diapers for a living.


I am questioning the possibility of the premise, which was that everyone can do whatever they want to do.


Education, in the broadest sense, is what makes people think they want what they want.


The public has been swindled out of a decent education in exchange for some magic beans swimming in aspersive gravy.


Capability and things like motivation or access/privilege are often not correlated


I know what I'm about to say is against the grain, but access/privilege can be obtained by the best and brightest regardless of the circumstances. That's really the only sure way to find them.

The common person doesn't see all the opportunities and stays right where they came from and that's not really who we should be elevating in my opinion. Of course someone born with privilege would naively feel guilty that others weren't born with it, but that completely misunderstands what privilege is. If someone born into privilege feels guilty, it's probably because they don't deserve it, and I'm speaking as someone who wasn't born with much. I think I'm just barely above average enough to get away from the crap I came from.

There I said it.


I know what I'm about to say will surprise you, but believing "if your life sucks it's because you're inferior to me and you deserve it" isn't insightful or true.


Curious how every one believes to be above average. Not to mention assuming humans can be ranked on a single dimension.


While I’m far from the best and brightest, as a father of three I most certainly scrub toilets and changed my share of diapers.


This just sounds like toxic positivity to me. "Nothing but good vibes" is at best denial, at worst oppressive.


I don't understand why anyone would prefer darkness over light, or bad over good.

You call it toxic, but bad is by definition toxic. You can choose to embrace darkness, but you shall reap badness from it.

Good is true. Judge a tree by its fruit...

The truth is good, it sounds like you think the truth is bad which is not true.


You're playing on a false dichotomy... Manichean philosophy has been naive for over four millennia. Life is complicated. Pretending you can be "good" and prevail over the "bad" is wrong and harmful.


> Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that specifies who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status.

I read this whole thing just to find out it's an ad for Jira?

I still do things in a GTD-like way despite Jira because every epic/story/issue/task/subtask is always horribly underspecified when it's not written by another dev and I still need to keep track of that work.

Often there's some overlap of the work, but I dare not show those cards. The best I can do is give a story point estimate and say if it can be finished by this sprint. If not for some kind of personal productivity methodology where does that aspect of work go? Jira boards can lead to micromanagement in the wrong hands because the broader organization lacks the specificity and rigor of the devs. They simply don't understand the work they're describing well enough. Nothing has changed in at least the last 30 years from the perspective of the knowledge worker.

What will really change things is to stop promoting non-technical people into leadership roles when technical work is the core competency.


In sum, the article notes that in the industrial age all efficiency was essentially structural efficiency. In the information space that has become personal efficiency. The article suggests (via the example of Merlin Mann) that personal efficiency is potentially a losing battle, and suggests we should (in part) seek to offload some of this efficiency burden to be structural efficiency.

Hence, my take-away, the article discusses the tension of productivity as it comes from the organization and as it comes from the individual. Historically production line efficiency was gained by the organization optimizing how individuals perform. That has evolved to a technology and information space where it is _only_ the individual that can optimize their productivity.

The article essentially ponders the culture that this individual productivity pr0n has created. The mentions about Jira/Sprint style organization seemingly are thoughts & suggestions for how efficiency can in part be driven by the organization so that there is structural efficiency and not only individual efficiency.

There are a few examples as well of how personal efficiency can drive organization wide inefficiency (eg: blasting out an email with a question and demanding an immediate answer, efficient for one, and not efficient for the other).

One of the last sentences in the article summarizes this:

>> We must, in other words, acknowledge the futility of trying to tame our frenzied work lives all on our own, and instead ask, collectively, whether there’s a better way to get things done.


So is there a better way?


The article was oddly unsatisfying.

For me, GTD's biggest contribution was the focus on "Next Action". Which was mentioned exactly once in the article. I struggle with the perfect lists and I just can't get the Weekly Review figured out. But looking at some project and figuring out the exact Next Action (and sometimes associated Critical Path) is ridiculously valuable.

I've read a bunch of other productivity books. They have different ideas and approaches, but all of the practical ones seem to have this moment "and figure out the smallest, actionable thing you can actually do on that". But often, that bit is not front and center of the methodology. I suspect in the "3-day master course" for those techniques, they would actually practice such focus. David Allen just really put that front and center, explicitly.

Similarly, the Cognitive Behavior Therapy also uses this "Next Action" idea to get the person to move forward.

In that sense, I felt the article failed to truly look behind the curtain and just focused on a rise and fall of individual movement influencer. I did not see any mention of Lotus Notes (David Allen's own preferred solution), active GTD LinkedIn group, etc.


You know, I wonder if there's a way to make bug/task tracking systems like Jira show a "Next Action" view. Like, don't show me the list of bugs/tasks/burndown items I have assigned, don't tell me how many there are, don't show me any alerts, just show me the appropriate Next Action, based on whatever prioritization scheme my team is using, and don't even let me see the rest until I take some active step (including sleeping) on this one.


Some of the internal tools at meta have a feature kind of like this. Personally I don’t use it, but I bet some people like it.


For me it's the other way around.

"Next Action" never worked for me because some things are only a few actions total, but others are hundreds and need to be done sequentially all before the end of next month. By looking only at next actions the difference wasn't clear enough.

Whereas weekly / monthly reviews work very well for me to see patterns in what works and what doesn't, see where I need to spend some time planning, etc.

But I do this in a "bullet journal" type of setup, not the "getting things done" method.


GTD has support for that with its "Project Support" documents, higher-level reviews, multiple Next Actions for same project, etc. I feel it does cover the situation, and you can still do it just when you run out of obvious things to do or stop for the day.

The "Next Action" is really just to ensure you know what actually can be done and when and not just have the project (e.g. "Buy car") as the action.


My one philosophical takeaway from GTD is the idea of offloading the record keeping and logistics of tasks to some slower external system.

This allows the "RAM" or faster context of your thinking to be focused entirely on what you're doing.

Every system built on top of this (including GTD itself) is just an interpretation of this core idea that GTD points to that have unique selling points.

For example, ticketing systems inspired by toyota-scrum-agile externalize work in a way so that you can debug bottlenecks. GTD itself focuses on capture and filtering. Newer "second brain" stuff focuses on the knowledge management itself.

These external systems tend to grow until they require a dedicated cabal of priests to manage them. Since these systems measures all "progress", individuals then become incentivized to align with the priests (or become one).

Eventually the finger that points to the moon becomes the moon itself. The system was intended to allow you to focus on The Important Thing but instead becomes The Important Thing itself.


I spoke to Cal for this article though I don't think he used much of our interview. I developed GTD software back in the first as Kinkless when became OmniFocus after I joined Omni for a year.

Today I don't use any "super specialized" tooling for task management. Intentionally. I don't like being wedded to any given app. My tools are Apple Reminders (universal for my family since we're all on Apple devices) and Obsidian (or really just plain text / markdown, accessed currently through obsidian).

Lots of thoughts about all this but in short there were some good ideas I took from GTD (universal capture being the biggest, but that's not really a GTD unique idea) but most of it I've jettisoned.

(my obsidian / markdown usage is basically "take notes, sometimes notes become projects, those projects automatically show up in a dashboard" and mixing notes, content, and tasks organically)


How do your projects “automatically show up in a dashboard”? And where is that dashboard? In Obsidian?


It's undergone some minor changes since this post, but mostly like this: https://mastodon.social/@ethanschoonover/110085453365962807


I'd love to see a blog post about your apple reminders/obsidian setup (or whatever details you'd be willing to provide). I'm currently trying to get an apple reminders + obsidian setup up and running myself!


I second this suggestion!


I remember buying OmniOutliner on my first Mac just so I could try Kinkless.

Can't believe that it's now 17 years ago!


I love seeing all the comments in this thread talking about things they use from GTD. I also extracted a ton of useful tips, tricks, and concepts from GTD that are now just part of my working life. Thinking through concrete next actions, having an inbox to throw things everything, having dedicated time to process through my inbox and think through priorities, putting anything involving time on my calendar (including "tickler" reminders to think about and take action). One time I showed a friend the GTD book. She opened it to a random page, read for a moment, and said "oh! I can use this technique!" and she incorporated it.

It seems the article's claim is that GTD takes an individual approach whereas it might be more fruitful to take a systemic approach — why is GTD needed in the first place (tons of ad-hoc tasks generated by others for you) and is there a way to obviate the need for it upstream? I'm pretty sympathetic to this argument. We humans can stretch our capacity for cognitive work quite far, but I think almost everyone has had the experience of overload when our natural human limits are stretched for too long.

I think if the author wanted to develop this argument he wouldn't have stopped with suggesting a limp theoretical proposal but done an empirical investigation of organizations that already did what he was proposing and how it went a la Frederic Laloux's brilliant "Reinventing Organizations". Or maybe just build the software and studied how organizations used it. Maybe Newport did some of that in his books, I'm not sure.


Quite a lot of this resonated. A long way through though:-

> What if you began each morning with a status meeting in which your team confronts its task board? A plan could then be made about which handful of things each person would tackle that day.

Maybe it's the kind of software I work on (non-web), seems a bit unreal to expect developers to deliver a "handful" of non-trival things per day. Fastest thing is generally (which fits with higher up the article) ask for one thing to do done, and to leave the developer alone (at least, until they miss a milestone - and even those need to be appropriately set).


I feel most of the time these "Productivity tips and tricks" are like the "lifehacks" for the work like, they're more trouble than their worth some 99% of time

The current fad is Notion and all the minor templates for productivity guided people (the ones that need to follow their morning schedule with minute precision)


I found GTD to be revolutionary for me at that time, at my age then. His statement, "You can't do projects, you can only do actions related to projects" was very useful to me -- unstuck me many times from analysis paralysis.

Incidentally, I enjoyed implementing it via "The Secret Weapon" https://thesecretweapon.org


New SOPs are forced stimulation...a shared hallucination of sorts. I get the impression they resonate with the ADHD crowd, who need novel ways to motivate themselves to do the same boring shit every 5-10 years.

(Or, project managers who need a way to define work output in the face of engineers that have learned how to game the old system.)


Your second point is good:

> "project managers who need a way to define work output in the face of engineers that have learned how to game the old system"

I think there's an enormous difference between a) an individual task tracker maintained by you, only for you, of tasks you'll work on...

...vs b) an agile task board or whatever for a (corporate) group, where there is often ongoing lack of clarity about task definition, prerequisites, acceptance criteria, as you say people may be trying to game it to make their individual productivity metrics look better (or at least to defend their apparent productivity from being damaged by the aforementioned group pitfalls). Really these can be two quite different animals.

With a), you should have pretty good clarity about what the implied 'Next Action' is for each task, whereas with b), it may require group discussion, prioritizing, meetings, etc., sometimes even hiring or outsourcing.


My approach to time management(Like anything else I do using a computer) is tech-first. I look for the patterns that are a natural fit to the readily available tools(Creating new tools isn't an option unless you like minimalist stuff or want a new major project).

So I use a to-do list in Google Keep, for things that don't have a particular time schedule, a future ideas list for even less urgent things, a shopping list in the same, and calendar reminders for things I need to do soon.

I have Google Assistant listening so I can always add something to a list without stopping what I'm doing.

It's not perfect, but unlike other organization systems I've tried, it's very low overhead.

I don't really need any more system than that, the tools I have don't support it. Going more structured would be more effort I could instead put towards actually doing stuff.

At work, I use whatever system is available. Usually nothing, because nobody wants to implement anything more than unstructured whiteboard notes and WhatsApp chats and pushing for that is hard. Pushing for other stuff like version control is more important at some places.

I no longer use Obsidian for anything like that, the friction of waiting for it to load was too much and made me not want to organize at all.

I still haven't figured out journalling. I don't want to do that in something tied to the cloud that might lose personal stuff if it vanishes, manual backups are a hassle, and obsidian is slow. Maybe creating a new app makes sense. Maybe even trying paper again would be reasonable.


I never used GTD, but for ~15 years have used a mail plug-in for task management, deferrals, etc.

I have two main issues in recent years. There are now more requests that are 1 task in the requestors mind but are actually 5 to 10 tasks of various complexity. Then of those 5 to 10, only a portion are mine. It ends up being work to get the requestors into whatever ticket system they are supposed to use, and then keep myself separated from the stuff I have nothing to do with. A lot of people are just wired to want to have one person to deal with all their stuff.

The other is Direct Messaging. At one point slack seemed like a godsend as we could route all the Dist List spam and membership management into channels. DMs happened but were infrequent and generally from a handful of people on your team. This lasted for a few years until the corporate masses moved over to it. At that point it was "anyone could bother anyone else at any time" for something "urgent".


cal, i love your work but please reevaluate the ticketing systems that you recommend; ticketing makes things fall through cracks because the nature of the incentives for the participants in the ticketing process all drive that way


I get a lot done (4 kids, 2 companies, academic researcher) by ensuring that I create as much free time for myself as possible. Almost free days 2-3 days a week, remaining days have meetings. 2 hours in the morning for family and 4 at night. My free time allows me to work at my best, doing what I want to do. Of course, it’s hard to avoid meetings, but I try! My most productive days are when I can run at 8, 420 at 10am, and have 6+ hours of flow. I don’t watch tv and HN is my social media. I’m news addicted and I love chatGPT. And I have really, excellent amazing people around me to whom I give a lot of inspiration and autonomy. Big time ADD, but I love it.



I'm in a biased situation by working in software engineering, where there exists software to interpret productivity. Is the point of this article that other fields should use similar productivity awareness tools? I mean he suggests at one point that maybe teams should essentially do "standups" to start their days...is this the revolutionary idea to transform work in other fields? I need help interpreting this article.


My big takeaway was personal productivity is moot in organizations unless the organization adopts the same methods and processes to be productive.


My current job is my first experience working for a large company, and they definitely don't value productivity at all. Things that took me, alone, 6 months at a smaller company now baloon out to a year and require a team because of all the overhead. I truly believe the large corporation needs to die on the scrap heap of history for our society and culture to recover.


Could you be more specific? If you have done the same or very similar task before, I guess it would be better that you would take up the task rather than said team?


It's just that if you have 6 people all responsible for different parts of a decision, like the control board for a product, you now have to get all of those people to buy in to the decision. And some of those people take months to even know what decision to make, or they have a pet supplier who takes forever to deliver, and then your project eats the delay because of that. So you wind up sitting on your hands and adjusting your schedule not because you weren't ready but because someone else isn't.


Emacs users have Org-Mode which is that on steroids plus extensibility. Best of both words.


Non-paywalled Link: https://archive.is/BvAtC


Thank you!




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