Just because a country doesn't have an extradition treaty doesn't mean it won't extradite on a case by case basis. The vast majority of countries are signed on to at least one international treaty that covers extradition like the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
People like Ghosan are safe because they flee to countries that won't extradite their own nationals as a matter of long standing policy. They have no problem extraditing troublemakers from other nations, especially under international pressure.
See Vietnam's latest extradition for example [1], which doesn't have an extradition treaty with the US and they aren't even on the best of terms. The only way they could get away in Madagascar is if the authorities there didn't have the resources to capture them - a small promise of USAID from the State department would be enough to put extradition on the table.
I think this is the best argument that SBF didn't intend to commit fraud, so much as fraudulent activity with the expectation that it'd all work out somehow. If the exchange contagion was quelled (partially by his actions backstopping other liquidity crises), and cryptocurrencies went generally up, and FTT was strengthened by FTX's appearance of strength, then all of these problems would have gone away.
If he had simple fraudulent intent (i.e. personal enrichment at the expense of customers), he would have had a plan. One that included adequate cash socked away in appropriate locations. Something much more well-thought out than "a US-friendly island 2 hrs by plane from SDNY".
People like Ghosan are safe because they flee to countries that won't extradite their own nationals as a matter of long standing policy. They have no problem extraditing troublemakers from other nations, especially under international pressure.
See Vietnam's latest extradition for example [1], which doesn't have an extradition treaty with the US and they aren't even on the best of terms. The only way they could get away in Madagascar is if the authorities there didn't have the resources to capture them - a small promise of USAID from the State department would be enough to put extradition on the table.
[1] https://hanoitimes.vn/vietnam-us-cooperate-to-extradite-amer...