>Generally speaking, when push comes to shove, their “no logs“ policy lets them turn over whatever information $law_enforcement_agency asks for.
Not really, no. No company is required to cooperate with law enforcement from foreign countries.
So if you're trying to hide activity from government X, and you use a VPN in country Y, you don't have much to worry about. A US-based VPN, for instance, is going to laugh at demands from the Chinese police for their logs. Similarly, a Hong Kong-based VPN is going to laugh at demands from American police.
Not really, no. No company is required to cooperate with law enforcement from foreign countries.
So if you're trying to hide activity from government X, and you use a VPN in country Y, you don't have much to worry about. A US-based VPN, for instance, is going to laugh at demands from the Chinese police for their logs. Similarly, a Hong Kong-based VPN is going to laugh at demands from American police.