Sort of? It's almost more equivalent to networking or distributed processing - circuits in different clock domains can't just send a wire to another domain, they have to go through a synchronizer and do some handshaking and other stuff that's vaguely similar to RPCs. I'm stretching here, it's slightly beyond what I've worked with so far.
Seems like the same as in multithreaded programming, in which you can’t let threads share memory without synchronizing else you get data races and corruption.
it's more like two simple computers talking over serial, and the serial connection bitrate can't be faster than the clock of the slowest of the two computers.
Sort of. You have to be careful when signals cross clock domains because they can become asynchronous. So anytime you go from one domain to another, you have to be sure to synchronize the data. This is often accomplished via flip flop.
