The difference between his and mine viewpoints seem to be that Taleb thinks everything is fine with him/most procrastinators. I, on the other hand, believe my brain has buggy firmware and possibly even buggy hardware.
Since we don't have the specs of a "correct" human brain, the distinction between buggy brain and a problematic environment may be in some areas a matter of perspective, but when you have problems dealing with things that are part of our environment since before civilization, and when you see most other people dealing well with those things, you have to seriously consider the option that it's a wetware fault.
A "spec" for a human brain would have to include beliefs about questions of value, like "what is the point of human life?" Such a spec couldn't in principle be written because there is no objective basis for answers to these questions.
It sounds like you and Taleb hold different values. He thinks that living a life that involves following your own impulses is both valuable and "natural" (a suspect source of objective value IMO). You think that being able to fit into the existing environment is valuable. You might think Taleb is undisciplined and his philosophy could never be widely embraced. He might think you are just mindlessly following the orders of people who don't care about you. At the end of the day, it's up to you how you live.
Since we don't have the specs of a "correct" human brain, the distinction between buggy brain and a problematic environment may be in some areas a matter of perspective, but when you have problems dealing with things that are part of our environment since before civilization, and when you see most other people dealing well with those things, you have to seriously consider the option that it's a wetware fault.