This is a broader case of all wave phenomena. As a VERY coarse guide, the equation is :
R = Lambda/D
Where R is the angular 'resolution' of the device, Lambda is the wavelength of the wave used, and D is the diameter of the device.
This means that as the 'resolution' gets smaller (ie. better), the diameter becomes bigger. For example, if you have a 20kHz sound source (~1.7 cm wavelength) and want an angular resolution of ~ 1 arc-second, then you'd need a ~3.5km diameter array. Actual equations will vary GREATLY from this, but it's a good 'sniff test' starting guide.
R = Lambda/D
Where R is the angular 'resolution' of the device, Lambda is the wavelength of the wave used, and D is the diameter of the device.
This means that as the 'resolution' gets smaller (ie. better), the diameter becomes bigger. For example, if you have a 20kHz sound source (~1.7 cm wavelength) and want an angular resolution of ~ 1 arc-second, then you'd need a ~3.5km diameter array. Actual equations will vary GREATLY from this, but it's a good 'sniff test' starting guide.